VA History Office
Dayton VA Bible from 1800s first VA artifact at History Center
While renovations to the buildings that will become the permanent home of the National VA History Center await completion, the collecting of VA’s important historical records and artifacts has already begun. The building on the Dayton VA Medical Center campus that is serving as a temporary home to the History Center was originally a residence hall that housed primarily Civil War Veterans during the early decades of the 20th century. Like most aspects of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, commonly referred to as Soldiers Homes during those early years, the quarters were organized much like an army barracks, and the interior rooms were large open spaces outfitted with rows of beds, and each floor accommodated about 40 men[1].
Interior of Company 1, showing typical barracks-style lodging at the Soldiers Home in Dayton. Today, these large rooms are where VA History Center staff receive, process, and house the many documents, images, media, and objects that tell the history of the Department of Veterans Affairs and its forerunner organizations. When the time came to place the first artifact into the newly established collections room, the staff knew that it should be something that represented the rich history of VA and the pioneering spirit of those people attempting to create a government organization for war Veterans on a scale that had never been attempted before.
Because the Dayton VA Medical Center’s historic archives and artifacts were the first items to be moved into the new History Center, it was an easy decision to select an artifact from that collection for the honor. The item chosen was the pulpit bible from the first church built in the Soldiers Home system, appropriately named “Home Chapel." The bible was officially placed into the National VA History Center’s collection by the current Director of the Dayton VA Medical Center, Mark Murdock, and VA's Chief Historian Michael Visconage.
Home Chapel was constructed from quarried limestone onsite by the first Veteran residents to live at the Dayton Soldiers Home; the cornerstone was laid in 1868 and the building was dedicated in 1870. Today it is known as the Protestant Chapel, to distinguish it from the Catholic Chapel that also resides on campus.
Earliest known image of Home Chapel at the Dayton Soldiers Home, circa 1870.The first chaplain at the Dayton Soldiers Home was Rev. William Earnshaw, a Civil War Veteran who ministered to the Union troops during the war while serving under Gen. George H. Thompson[2]. Rev. Earnshaw was passionate in his service to his fellow Veterans, and functioned not only as chaplain, but also as the Home’s librarian, a leader of the Home’s temperance organizations, the president of the Monumental and Historical Society[3][4], and Commander-in-Chief of the Veterans organization The Grand Army of the Republic, in 1879-80[5]. He continued to serve as Chaplain at the Soldiers Home until his death in 1885.
Rev. William Earnshaw, chaplain of the Dayton Soldiers Home from 1867 to 1885.The age of this bible would place it in Home Chapel during the time of Chaplain Earnshaw’s tenure, and it is likely that he used it in his sermons to the thousands of Veterans who worshipped in the chapel through the years. Telltale color changes to the pages due to light exposure, and cracking along the binding in a certain section of the bible suggests that the bible was frequently opened to the Book of Job, chapters 31 - 33. The title stamped onto the cover reads “National Military Home” and the inside title page mentions that it was published in 1861 by the New York American Bible Society.
While the bible was the first object placed into the collection, it will be joined by countless others that will help tell the VA story.
Close-up image of the title stamp on the cover of the bible, identifying it as belonging to the National Soldiers Home.
Section of the bible (Book of Job, Chapters 31-33) that appears frequently referenced.
By Tessa Kallman, Associate Curator, National VA History Center and History Office
Note: Photos and images are courtesy of the Dayton VA Medical Center archives.
1. History of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers: With a Complete Guide-book to the Central Home at Dayton, Ohio; by J.C. Gobrecht, 1875; p. 98
2. History of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers: With a Complete Guide-book to the Central Home at Dayton, Ohio; by J.C. Gobrecht, 1875; p. 236
3. History of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers: With a Complete Guide-book to the Central Home at Dayton, Ohio; by J.C. Gobrecht, 1875; p. 67, 147,129
4. https://www.daytonhistorybooks.com/chapoldslodiers.html, referenced 7/2021
5. Records of Members of the Grand Army of the Republic, by William H. Ward, 1886, p. 11
